Penggerakan

Dalam proses manajemen, penggerakkan merupakan bagian yang fundamental, tindak lanjut dari fungsi perencanaan dan pengorganisasian. Fungsi ini berkaitan erat dengan manusia dan merupakan masalah yang paling kompleks serta tersulit dilakukan di antara fungsi-fungsi manajemen. Ia akan bersinggungan dengan perasaan, harga diri, dan tujuan yang berbeda-beda.

Penggerakan merupakan fungsi pembimbingan, pengarahan, pemberian motivasi, menggerakan orang-orang yang menjadi bawahannya agar dengan rela, suka dan mau bekerja secara sadar dan bertanggung jawab terhadap tugas yang harus diselesaikannya tanpa menunggu perintah dari atasannya.

Disesuaikan dengan kondisi yang berlangsung, terdapat beberapa istilah bermakna sama dengan fungsi penggerakan, di antaranya:

• Actuating.  Tindakan untuk mengusahakan agar seluruh anggota kelompok berusaha mencapai sasaran-sasaran sesuai dengan perencanaan dan usaha-usaha organisasi
• Motivating.  Pemberian daya rangsang agar muncul gairah kerja untuk mencapai tujuan
• Staffing.  Pemberian bantuan dalam penyusunan upaya pengurusan, pengaturan dan penempatan sumber daya manusia beserta fasilitasnya
• Directing.  Bagaimana cara memberikan pengarahan, petunjuk, dan perintah yang perlu dilakukan
• Coordinating.  Usaha menyatukan kerja sama sehingga terdapat keselarasdan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung
• Leading.  Menggerakkan orang lain dengan memberikan teladan baik kepada para bawahan sehingga mereka mau bekerja mengikutinya
• Disiplin.  Tindak perbuatan atau peraturan untuk menjamin ketepatan, keseragaman, kepatuhan dan ketaatan dalam menjalankan pekerjaan. 

Restaurant Training Checklists Are Important Tool

quoted from John Foley

Training tools and aids make the difference between education and knowledge. Education, the act of imparting information, isn't difficult for those who are familiar with the subject. Yet, learning the subject may take more than a quick training session.  Knowledge comes from learning and retaining what was taught and is expected to be clutched. Simply, training tools make the difference between learning and forgetting.

Every restaurant staff deserves a variety of tools to help make them successful and to perfect their professionalism. These tools need to be strategically posted throughout the restaurant for the staff to reference, throughout their shift when they are not sure about a certain procedure.

I couldn't help notice the recipe card for one of the company's drinks. The well defined card (pictured, right) outlined the steps to drink perfection. I have always wondered how the baristas can create drinks that are being called out faster than a Gatling gun without missing a beat, pump, or steam wand. The refresher recipe card explains a lot.

Now to create these cards once the game has begun is not an easy task. In the perfect world they would have been developed and filed on your computer for ease of editing. But that most likely was only a dream that ended just after the doors opened.

And, if you do have them placed throughout the restaurant, now is the perfect time to check and edit the cards.

Here are 10 tips on training tools.

1. Plating consistency is imperative. Plating pictures help.  Photos of each plate, including salad, appetizer, entree, or dessert should be placed on a board and labeled near the plating station. Styling the food on the plate exactly the way the chef created it makes this an efficient way to achieve consistency. 
2. Coffee recipes and tea service. Recipes for coffee drinks and the procedure for serving tea – (one bag or a selection; a pot of hot water or just a cup) are all steps that need to b defined. 
3. Dessert plating. use a picture, especially for daily dessert specials. Also define the amount of ice cream and whipped cream to be served. 
4. Opening checklists. Even the smallest restaurant is too large to run without an opening checklist. Laminate them and have the assigned server initial each task. You can divide up the checklist. 
5. Closing checklists. If you are so slow you don't need a closing checklist to close, find a real estate agent. Closing procedures save you money. Turn down the air conditioning, turn off the kitchen fan, turn off the stereo are all music to the accountant's ear. 
6. Server station setups. New servers forget to set up the server station with pens, water pitchers, coffee cups, saucers and other items that break the rhythm of the dining room if they are not around. 
7. Bar setup. Bar customers hate to wait. Describe how many limes, lemons, olives need to be cut diced, sliced, and kept under the bar. Explain fruit and juice rotation. It may sound elementary today, but wait until the bartender doesn't show up, and Steve the server has to stand in for Johnny the bartender. 
8. Cooler map. If nothing else this will alleviate any violations from the health department when the inspector realizes the raw chicken does go on the bottom shelf. With today's computer programs, designing and designating cooler shelf space is a breeze. Define rotation on the sheet and don't forget to post an inventory checklist in the cooler. 
9. Glass stacking. Make sure the bussers and the dish know how many, where they go and ho to check for spots. 
10. Batch and deposit checklist. Your manager is sick. You're on vacation. And the deposits have stopped going into the bank from American Express. Nobody had the batching instructions. Go over the deposit procedures with one or two trusted employees, and leave the instructions in a drawer, just in case. It will make that vacation a lot more enjoyable. But then, what restaurant owner can take a vacation? 

How to Do a Breakeven Analysis

Breakeven analysis helps determine when your business revenues equal your costs

By Daniel Richards

If you can accurately forecast your costs and sales, conducting a breakeven analysis is a matter of simple math. A company has broken even when its total sales or revenues equal its total expenses. At the breakeven point, no profit has been made, nor have any losses been incurred. This calculation is critical for any business owner, because the breakeven point is the lower limit of profit when determining margins.

There are several types of costs to consider when conducting a breakeven analysis, so here's a refresher on the most relevant.

• Fixed costs: These are costs that are the same regardless of how many items you sell. All start-up costs, such as rent, insurance and computers, are considered fixed costs since you have to make these outlays before you sell your first item.

• Variable costs: These are recurring costs that you absorb with each unit you sell. For example, if you were operating a greeting card store where you had to buy greeting cards from a stationary company for $1 each, then that dollar represents a variable cost. As your business and sales grow, you can begin appropriating labor and other items as variable costs if it makes sense for your industry.

Setting a Price

This is critical to your breakeven analysis; you can't calculate likely revenues if you don't know what the unit price will be. Unit price refers to the amount you plan to charge customers to buy a single unit of your product.

• Psychology of Pricing: Pricing can involve a complicated decision-making process on the part of the consumer, and there is plenty of research on the marketing and psychology of how consumers perceive price. Take the time to review articles on pricing strategy and the psychology of pricing before choosing how to price your product or service.

• Pricing Methods: There are several different schools of thought on how to treat price when conducting a breakeven analysis. It is a mix of quantitative and qualitative factors. If you've created a brand new, unique product, you should be able to charge a premium price, but if you're entering a competitive industry, you'll have to keep the price in line with the going rate or perhaps even offer a discount to get customers to switch to your company.

Marketing Strategy

Approach and Concept

Marketing is far more than just selling, although higher sales are obviously the ultimate aim. Rather, marketing is a whole collection of activities including advertising, selling and sales promotion, marketing research, introduction of new products, pricing, packaging, distribution and after sales service.

Approaches to Marketing

One approach to marketing is to regard it as the process of finding customers for goods which the firm has already decided to supply. In this case there is much emphasis on face to face customer contact, price cutting, heavy advertising and sales promotions. It might be assumed that customers will always want to purchase well-constructed items that are made available to them at low cost: that all a firm needs to do is offer for sale high quality, sound value product with many attractive features, provide effective after-sales service, and then the goods will ‘sell themselves’.

The Marketing Concept

Alternatively, the firm might seek to evaluate market opportunities before production, assess potential demand for the good, determine the product characteristics desired by consumers, predict the prices consumers are willing to play, and then supply goods corresponding to the needs and wants of target markets more effectively than competitors, business adopting the latter approach are said to apply the marketing concept.

Adherence to the marketing concept means the firm conceives and develops product that satisfy consumer wants. Note however that:

• consumers demand can be and frequently is created and manipulated through advertising campaigns

• unquestioning adoption of the concept could lead to the productions of items that are highly attractive to consumers but which nevertheless are expensive to supply and thus generate negligible profit.

Practical application of the marketing concept implies the full integration of marketing with other business activities (design, production, costing, transport, and distribution, corporate strategy and planning) so that the marketing department assumes extraordinary importance within the firm. Numerous conflicts with other functions arise from situation.

The Marketing Mix

In 1965 Professor N. H. Borden coined the phrase ‘marketing mix’ to describe the combination of marketing element used in given set of circumstances. Appropriate mixes vary depending on the firm and industry, and over time. Professor E. J. McCarty subsequently summarized the

Human Resources Strategy

Human resources management concerns the human side of the management of enterprises and employees’ relations with their firms. Its purpose is to ensure that the employees of a company, i.e. its human resources, are used in such a way that the employer obtains the greatest possible benefit from their abilities and the employees obtain both material and psychological rewards from their work.

Human resources management has strategic dimensions and involves the total deployment of human resources within the firm. Thus, for example, human resources management will consider such matters as:

• the aggregate size of the organization’s labor force in the context of an overall corporate plane (how many divisions and subsidiaries the company is to have, design of the organization, etc.)

• how much to spend on training the workforce, given strategic decisions on target quality levels, product prices, volume of production, and so on

• the desirability of establishing relations with trade unions from the view-point of the effective management control of the entire organization

• the wider implications for employees of the management of change (not just the consequences of alterations in working practices).

The strategic approach to human resources management involves the integration of personnel and other human resources management considerations into the firm’s overall corporate planning and strategy formulation procedures. It is proactive, seeking constantly to discover

Financial Strategy

Effective strategies are crucial to the well-being of the firm, and need to address the following issues:

• How, where and when the business will obtain funds, plus (for public companies) the timing of share issues and the determination of share issue prices
• The best use of financial resources
• Gearing
• How to maximize the market valuation of the firm
• What to do with accumulated cash
• Long term financial planning for business expansion
• The capital structure of the business
• The extent to which internally generated profits are reinvested within the company
• Choice of financial criteria for selecting major capital investments.

Also companies operating in several countries need to formulate

10 Ways to Save Money at Your Restaurant

Everyone is looking for ways to save money these days. Restaurants are no exception. The good news is that there are a lot of quick steps you can take to save you money, either through cutting energy use or reducing spoilage. A lot of these tips are the same things your mom told you growing up.

1. Switch to energy efficient light bulbs. Subway recently switched all their light bulbs to energy efficient bulbs in all of their 2000 US franchise locations. Switching to an energy efficient light bulb can save up to $22 per bulb per year. This can add up to quite a savings over time. Also keep lights off when you don’t need them. If you don’t start serving lunch until 11 o’clock there is no reason to turn the dining room lights on until then. 
2. Only run the dishwasher when it is completely full. This cuts down on water usage, soap and energy costs.
3. Soak the dishes. Rather than running hot water over them to loosen dried food, fill a sink and let them soak.
4. Install low flow faucets and toilets. This will save between 20 to 40 percent of water usage.
5. Turn down the thermostat. You can still be comfortable at 68 degrees rather than 72 degrees.
6. Switch from plastic to glass. Green restaurants have been following this tip for years. If restaurant uses disposable plates, flatware or cups, considering a one time investment for china, glass and silver. You will save on garbage (good for the environment as well as the restaurant budget) and save money over time.
7. Invest in energy efficient appliances. This is a lot easier said than done, especially in a sluggish economy. But consider that many states offer restaurants tax credits and other incentives for switching to energy efficient appliances. Plus, the savings on an energy efficient appliance can often pay for itself within a year or two.
8. Trim down your menu. Track sales of every menu item and remove menu items that aren’t selling. Also look for ways to cross utilize menu items, using one item for multiple dishes. This will help reduce food spoilage as well as keep food cost under control.
9. Take advantage of e-marketing. More and more people turn to Google to look for restaurants than the yellow pages. Take advantage of all the internet has to offer, from your own website to online advertising. Many companies offer inexpensive e-newsletters you can send to customers for a fraction of traditional prints ads.
10. Train your staff. Teach your staff to sort recyclables, turn off lights, let you know if there is a leaky faucet in the wait station. Ask them to bring in their own take-home containers instead of using the restaurant take-outs.

Market Segmentation

The term ‘market segmentation’ describes the breaking down of a market into self-contained and relatively homogeneous sub-groups of customers, each with its own special requirements and characteristics. Products and advertising message can then be altered to make them appeal to particular segments.

Markets may be segmented with respect to customers’ location, ages, incomes, social class, or other demographic variables, or according to consumer lifestyle, attitudes, interests and opinions as they affect purchasing behavior.

It does seem that many consumers buy goods that fit in with a chosen lifestyle (healthy, sophisticated, rugged, etc.) and with their perceptions of what they ought to purchase in order to pursue that lifestyle. Once the lifestyle to which potential consumers aspire is identified, advertising message can be modified in appropriate ways.

Differentiated versus undifferentiated marketing strategies

A differentiated marketing strategy requires the firm to modify its products for various market segments and to operate in all sectors. Production and promotion costs are normally higher when this approach is followed.

Marketing Mix

In 1965 Professor N. H. Borden coined the phrase ‘marketing mix’ to describe the combination of marketing element used in given set of circumstances. Appropriate mixes vary depending on the firm and industry, and over time.

Professor E. J. McCarty subsequently summarized the notion under four headings (known as the ‘four Ps’ of marketing), as follows:

• Promotion – including advertising, merchandising, public relations, and the utilization of sales people.
• Product – design and quality of output, assessment of consumer needs choice of which products to offer for sale, after sale service.
• Price – choice of pricing strategy, prediction of competitors’ responses to changes in the supplying firm’s prices.
• Place – selection of distribution channels, transport arrangements.

Marketing is the primary interface between the firm and its customers, guiding resources towards appropriate product offers and facilitating the satisfaction of customer requirements. Selection of the particular mix to be used forms the basis of the firm’s marketing strategy.

Examples of marketing strategy are:

• developing new product for existing markets
• deeper penetration of existing markets
• entering new markets for existing product
• attacking competitors head-on (rather than following competitors’ norms and behavior)
• serving particular market niches

Marketing Myopia

In 1960 Theodore Levitt published in the Harvard Business Review an article entitled ‘Marketing Myopia’ in which he argued that firms should adopt broad industry orientations rather than focusing their attentions on

10 Ways to Stay Ahead of Your Restaurant Competition

quoted from Ian Macdonald - founder and owner of Macdonald's Gourmet Burgers

Every restaurant owner should constantly be taking an objective look at how well your restaurant is doing. Staying ahead of the competition will keep you on your toes. Here are some ways you can get a good report card.

1. Know who your competition is!

I have encountered situations where a restaurant owner has identified the competition. Or at least what they think is their competition, but they're not. If I am selling Gourmet Burgers with the finest of ingredients, including trimmed premium Scotch Fillet Steak for the beef patties, (like I do), in a licensed restaurant with full service and extras, I am not really in Competition with the greasy burger joint down the road, or a group like Burger King am I?

So make sure your competition is truly your competition in the first place.

2. Get Employees to Sample the Competition.

You should always know what your competition is doing, it is essential to your success. It may be difficult to go yourself though as you would no doubt be known. So send one of your employees instead. Brief them what to look for. It will also give you the opportunity to treat a staff member to something different. How about showing up for work to be told you have to go out to dinner or lunch...all expenses paid!!!

3. Employ the services of a mystery shopper.

This is the reverse of what we have just spoken about. Here you get someone to come to your restaurant and report back to you. So none of you staff know what's going on. I organise this by going to our local business or community college and speaking to someone from the food and beverage school. They always suggest a student that would excel at the project. They earn some money, have some fun, and get a free meal. I often donate something to the college or I might even go and speak to there for them.
Everybody wins.

'10' Restaurant Financial Red Flag

quoted from John Nessel - Restaurant Resource Group

• Absence of a well organized and implemented accounting system
• Key operating expenses too high relative to gross sales
• Menu items not accurately documented, costed and updated
• Food & beverage inventory levels not counted and costed at the end of each accounting period or recorded in your accounting software
• Food and beverage inventory levels too high relative to corresponding sales
• Daily & weekly financial operating data not collected, reviewed or acted upon
• Inaccurate posting of financial information to your accounting system
• Current liabilities sufficiently greater than current assets as to impair future ability to pay bills
• Owner relying on online bank balance to determine available cash to pay bills
• Overall lack of understanding as to how to read and interpret period ending Financial Statements

Team-Based Organization

Konsep team-based organization merupakan jawaban komprehensif terhadap isu demokrasi industri. Konsep ini menciptakan keterlibatan karyawan yang tinggi, sehingga menghasilkan kepuasan kerja dan kesetiaan karyawan pada perusahaan. Kondisi inilah yang pada gilirannya akan menciptakan kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan.

Satu team-based organization berusaha memberdayakan tim dengan cara mendesentralisasi pengambilan keputusan sampai pada tingkat tim. Konsep ini didasari asumsi “those closest to the job know it best” sehingga timlah yang paling mengetahui apa yang terjadi di lapangan. Karenanya, tim memiliki kewenangan cukup besar untuk mengambil sejumlah keputusan penting yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan. Di sini tim menjalankan berbagai fungsi kepemimpinan dan manajemen seperti merencanakan, menetapkan tujuan, menyusun jadwal dan anggaran, merencanakan pelatihan serta bertanggung jawab terhadap produk. Dalam organisasi yang memiliki tingkat pemberdayaan yang tinggi ini, tim berwenang mengevalusi kinerjanya sendiri. Mereka bahkan dapat pula menentukan kompensasi yang layak diterima oleh setiap anggotanya.

Konsep ini membawa banyak perubahan dalam pengelolaan organisasi:

• Pekerjaan di desain ulang sehingga tidak lagi berdasar fungsi melainkan berdasar proses. Satu tim melakukan proses kerja dari A sampai Z. Karenanya dalam tim terdapat berbagai karyawan – termasuk staf pendukung – dengan keahlian beragam.

• Desain ini berdampak positif yaitu tumbuhnya ras memiliki terhadap proses, produk dan jasa yang dihasilkan. Tim juga akan bertanggung jawab penuh terhadap pelanggan.

• Organisasi perlu memiliki budaya kepercayaan yang tinggi, karena tanpa kepercayaan konsep ini sulit diterapkan.

• Organisasi perlu melatih karyawannya agar memiliki kemampuan bekerja dalam tim dan mengambil keputusan, di samping kemampuan ynag bersifat teknis.

Konsep ini mengubah peranan manajemen puncak menjadi katalisator dan fasilitator. Mereka kini terlepas dari persoalan rutin organisasi sehingga dapat menggunakan waktunya untuk memikirkan hal-hal yang lebih strategis.

Pengorganisasian

Pengorganisasian adalah upaya menciptakan suatu kerangka kerja yang bersusun rapi yang tiap bagiannya akan merupakan satu kesatuan yang saling mempengaruhi.

Pengorganisasian menjadi demikian penting agar:

• kegiatan terselesaikan dengan efektif dan efektif sesuai rencana
• mempermudah pelaksanaan tugas dan pengawasan oleh atasan
• mempermudah pertanggungjawaban pekerjaan yang diberikan kepada anggota
• mencegah kegiatan bertumpuk
• memberikan kepastian kerja yang harus dilakukan anggota.

Beberapa fungsi pengorganisasian:

• Coordinating. Kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan usaha memberikan bimbingan, ptunjuk mengenai waktu, memberikan arah pelaksanaan kegiatan kerja, dan upaya mempersatukan tindakan orang serta fasilitas secara harmonis sesuai tujuan yang dikehendaki.
• Staffing. Kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan usaha penempatan dan penentuan siapa yang melaksanakan tugas, wewenang, dan tanggung jawab sesuai keahlian masing-masing dalam suatu kegiatan kerja sama, disamping membina dan memelihara kondisi kerja yang diinginkan.

Berikut adalah beberapa prinsip dalam pengorganisasian:

• adanya tujuan yang jelas
• adanya pembagian tugas kerja
• adanya kesatuan komando
• adanya rentang pengawasan
• adanya pendelegasian weweang dan tanggung jawab
• adanya kesatuan arah/ koordinasi.

Perencanaan

Perencanaan adalah persiapan penentuan-penentuan terlebih dahulu mengenai apa yang akan dikerjakan kemudian dan merupakan fungsi penentu mengenai apa yang akan dilaksanakan dalam batas waktu, biaya, dan fasilitas tertentu untuk mencapai hasil yang telah ditentukan.

Perencanaan yang baik akan memudahkan tugas-tugas seorang manajer. Ia dapat mendahului kesempatan-kesempatan dan menganalisa hambatan-hambatan yang mungkin timbul di waktu mendatang. Perencanaan juga memberikan unsur-unsur pengawasan dan penelitian yang sebaik-baiknya di mana sesuatu pekerjaan dapat dilaksanakan dan dapat diukur.

Pola Dasar Berfikir Pembuatan Rencana:

• What. Tujuan apakah yang akan dicapai dalam pembuatan perencanaan.
• Why. Mengapa hal itu perlu dilakukan.
• Who. Oleh siapa rencana itu akan dibuat.
• When. Kapan akan dilakukan.
• Where. Dimana perencanaa itu akan dilakukan.
• How. Bagaimana dan alat atau sarana apa yang diperlukan untuk merealisasikannya.

Beberapa Tahapan Pola Perencanaan:

• Forecasting. Perhitungan, perkiraan atau ramalan atas fakta-fakta yang objektif kebenarannya mengenai keadaan yang mungkin dihadapi di waktu mendatang.
• Target. Ukuran yang sudah ditetapkan terhadap hasil yang harus dicapai secara kualitas dan kuantitas.
• Kebijaksanaan. Rumusan cara-cara kerja tertentu yang harus dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan agar lebih efektif dan efisien.
• Program. Rincian langkah yang akan dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan berdasar target yang menjadi sasarannya.
• Daftar Waktu. Penetapan bats waktu tertentu untuk menyelesaikan setiap langkah pekerjaan.
• Prosedur Kerja. Rangkaian sistem atau tata cara kerja sama yang harus dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan.
• Budgetting. Penentuan rencana tentang penggunaan dan pemanfaatan sumber dana yang tersedia untuk melaksanakan rencana yang telah disiapkan.

Sifat Perencanaan yang Baik:

• Faktual. Berdasar pada fakta dan data objektif yang biasanya diperoleh dari hasil penelitian melaui pertimbangan keuntungan dan kerugiannya kemudian.
• Rasional. Berdasar hasil pemikiran ilmiah dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya.
• Fleksibel. Luwes, dapat mengikuti situasi dan kondisi yang selalu berubah.
• Kontinyu. Dibuat untuk tindakan yang terus menerus dan berkesinambungan sehingga secara bertahap dapat terus ditingkatkan perbaikannya.

Problem Solving

Konsumen dan Restoran: Menjaga Keseimbangan Kepentingan

Pengelola bisnis restoran tidak cukup hanya meningkatkan penjualan, ia harus pula berkemampuan untuk mengendalikan cost dan operating expenses.

Adanya cost control adalah dimaksudkan untuk itu, yaitu menyeimbangkan kepentingan konsumen dengan perusahaan. Pengendalian cost tidak boleh merugikan salah satu fihak.

Seberapa besar nilai kepuasan yang diperoleh konsumen akan menyangkut fungsi antara harga dan kualitas.

Value = f (P.Q)

P: price,   Q; quality

Nilai (value) merupakan fungsi harga (price) dan kualitas (quality)

Persepsi konsumen terhadap kualitas layanan yang diperoleh akan diukur oleh besarnya uang yang dibelanjakan. Manakala layanan yang diperoleh tidak seimbang dengan uang yang dibelanjakan, dapat diartikan bahwa uang mereka bernilai rendah dan adalah bertentangan dengan harapan konsumen yang menginginkan uang yang dibelanjakan bernilai tinggi.

Sebaliknya fihak restoran menghargai nilai uang konsumen dengan layanan yang diberikan. Perbedaan kepentingan antara konsumen akan terjadi. Fungsi control bertujuan menyeimbangkan kepentingan konsumen dan produsen dengan melakukan corrective action terhadap setiap penyimpangan yang terjadi.

People Skills

Terdapat 3 jenis kecakapan - people skill - yang merupakan dasar dari manajemen yang baik, menjadikan seorang manajer yang lebih efektif.

Yang pertama dan paling mendasar adalah kecakapan hubungan manusia - human relation skills. Kecakapan yang menjadi landasan bagi hubungan baik dalam berbagai bidang dan untuk digunakan dalam menjalin hubungan kerja yang baik.

Kedua adalah kecakapan komunikasi - communication skills. Kecakapan ini merupakan teknik-teknik khusus yang dapat digunakan untuk memastikan pesan yang disampaikan telah dimengerti, mendorong orang lain berkomunikasi secara terbuka, dan memastikan informasi yang diperoleh adalah benar.

Ketiga adalah kecakapan melakukan follow up pada penampilan kerja - follow up on performance. Kecakapan ini meliputi teknik dan cara yang digunakan untuk memotivasi seseorang agar mencoba dan menjalankan sesuatu dengan kemauan keras, memberitahu apakah yang mereka lakukan adalah benar, apakah yang mereka butuhkan untuk meningkatkan prestasi kerja, serta bagaimana sesuatu itu harus dilakukan.

Tahap Perkembangan Team

Mengenal Kultur Kulineri Konsumen

Produk makanan dan minuman yang ditawarkan kepada konsumen menentukan cepat atau lambatnya pengembalian investasi. Pengelola bisnis restoran harus memiliki kepekaan terhadap keinginan konsumen. Perencanaan menu yang kurang tepat akan berakibat berkurangnya konsumen yang datang, yang berarti akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil penjualan yang diperlukan untuk menutup biaya ataupun mengembalikan investasi. Untuk itu seorang pengelola perlu memiliki wawasan yang memadai mengenai produk makanan dan atau minuman yang dijual, termasuk kultur masyarakat konsumen.

Leadership Approach